Testicular Cancer Treatment

Surgery

Surgery is typically the most common testicular cancer treatment option for all stages of this disease. However, the type of surgery most appropriate for you will vary based on how advanced your cancer is. Your urologic surgeon will discuss the pros and cons of your options so you can feel confident in your treatment decision.

For early testicular cancers that have not spread, we generally recommend a radical orchiectomy. This procedure involves removing the testicle containing the tumor through an incision in the groin. For most men, the surgery does not impact fertility, sexual function, or testosterone production. Men can elect to receive a silicone prosthetic that mimics the natural appearance of the removed testicle; this is a personal decision you can discuss with your doctor. Because the procedure allows for complete tumor removal in early stages, many men won't need additional treatment.

If cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in your abdomen, you may benefit from a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). This minimally invasive procedure is often offered through robotic-assisted surgery, which involves smaller incisions that lead to a faster recovery. Because our urologic surgeons are highly experienced in performing these procedures using techniques that spare nerves, most men experience no impact on their ability to have kids. It's a highly-effective surgical treatment and may be combined with chemotherapy or radiation therapy to treat even the most advanced cancers.

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Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer. These medications can be used to kill any potential cancer cells that may remain in the body after surgery. This is known as "adjuvant therapy."

Chemotherapy may be given by mouth or intravenously injected into a muscle or a blood vessel. Chemotherapy is a systemic therapy, meaning that drugs travel through the bloodstream. In combination with surgery, chemotherapy is often highly effective in curing testicular cancer, even in advanced stages.

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Immunotherapy and targeted therapy

Targeted therapies and immunotherapy drugs are emerging as promising cancer treatment options for many other types of cancer. We are still investigating the effectiveness of these therapies in treating testicular tumors that have not responded to other well-established standard treatments.

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Radiation therapy

In radiation therapy, X-rays or other high-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Like surgery, radiation therapy is a local treatment and affects only the cells in the treated area. Radiation therapy is usually done on an outpatient basis for advanced seminoma tumors or metastatic testicular cancer following surgery.

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Support services

Because we believe in treating the "whole person", we offer a wide range of services and programs designed to help you thrive during and after treatment. From well-coordinated specialty care to personalized follow-up, we're here to address any physical, psychological, or other needs that may arise.

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Genetic counseling

A small percentage of these cancers are linked to genetics, so if you have a family history of testicular cancer, you may benefit from meeting with a board-certified genetic counselor. Our genetic counselors can help you evaluate your cancer risk, weigh the pros and cons of genetic testing, and determine the best next steps for managing your risk.

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Personalized rehabilitation

If cancer treatment affects your quality of life, MedStar Health patients have access to a wide range of cancer rehabilitation services, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, nutrition management, and more. A rehabilitation expert will work with you to customize a therapy plan to help you meet your unique goals.

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Survivorship

As part of your comprehensive follow-up care, we'll help you manage your risk of recurrence, manage any late effects, and help you achieve the best possible overall health. Your survivorship plan may involve regular check-ups, imaging or tumor marker tests, and/or care from experts in specialized fields, such as urinary and sexual health.

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